不仅仅是体育
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The fear of the Chinese authorities is present in the room, the few Tibetans who live here still live in Big Brother's shadow, monitoring everything from mail and Internet to following and photographing the participants in the demonstrations outside the Chinese Embassy in Tel Aviv
对中国当局的恐惧弥漫在房间里，居住在此地的西藏人仍然活在老大哥的阴影之下，他们通过监控邮件和互联网来跟踪和拍摄在特拉维夫中国大使馆外示威的参与者。
（图）Demonstrations outside the Chinese embassy in Tel Aviv.Photo: Tamar Dressler
Interviewing C was not an easy task - only after I promised I would not disclose any details that might harm him or his family in Tibet did we meet.
采访C不是件容易的任务，只有在我保证不会透露任何可能伤害他或他家人的细节之后，我们才得以会面。
C, a young man in his early 30s, smiling shyly, met me in his home. Outside the living-room window there's a small garden and the warm, quiet house seems light years away from the chaos and the violent demonstrations in Tibet over the past few weeks.
C，一个30出头的年轻人，在他家里接待了我，透过卧室的窗户可以看到外面的小院子，这个温暖安静的房子看起来与几周前西藏的那场骚乱和暴力示威相隔十万八千里。
Unlike other Tibetans in Israel who were born in India among the exiled Tibetan community and are here as a part of an education program run by Yativ (Friends of Tibet in Israel), C was born in Tibet and his family still lives there.
以色列的西藏人大多出身于印度的西藏流亡团体，作为Yativ（以色列西藏之友）教育计划的一部分而来到此色列，但C不同，他出生于西藏，并且他的家属仍然居住在西藏。
The interview was followed closely by a significant member of C's new life, making sure that the questions and answers did not pose any danger or reveal C's identity. The fear of the Chinese authorities is present in the room, the few Tibetans who live here still live in Big Brother's shadow, monitoring everything from mail and Internet to following and photographing the participants in the demonstrations outside the Chinese Embassy in Tel Aviv.
采访中，C近期生活的一个重要的伙伴始终伴随左右，确保提问和回答不会造成任何伤害或者暴露C的身份。对中国当局的恐惧弥漫在房间里，居住在此地的西藏人仍然活在老大哥的阴影之下，他们通过监控邮件和互联网来跟踪和拍摄在特拉维夫中国大使馆外示威的参与者。
Some 13 years ago, C made the most significant decision of his life - he chose to escape from Tibet to Dharamsala to see the Dalai Lama, who escaped Tibet some 49 years ago when the Chinese invaded. He left his parents and nine siblings behind. Despite the Chinese authorities' claims of the diminished effect the Dalai Lama has over the Tibetan people, the love and great respect is apparent in C as he speaks about his flight to freedom.
大概13年前，C做出了他一生中最重大的决定，他决定逃离西藏到Dharamsala去拜见49年前因中国入侵而逃亡的达赖喇嘛。他离开了父母和9个兄弟姐妹。尽管中国当局声称达赖喇嘛对西藏人民的影响日益微弱，C在谈到他的奔向自由时的爱戴和尊敬显而易见。
Thousands of Tibetans make the dangerous journey to Nepal and India in the unbearable conditions of the Himalayas; many are shot and killed by Chinese soldiers patrolling the border. Yet they risk their lives in hope of once more living under the spiritual direction of their beloved leader.
数千西藏人在喜玛拉雅山让人无法忍受的条件下完成了他们去尼泊尔和印度的旅程；许多人被中国边境的巡逻士兵射杀。但他们仍然冒着生命危险只为再次生活在所爱戴的领袖的精神指导下。
Many Tibetans have died on the dangerous journey to Dharamsala, and I asked C if this had any effect on his decision.
许多西藏人死于去Dharamsala的旅途中，我问C这是否影响了他的决定。
"I knew there were only two options," he replied, "either I would die or I would make the journey. I consider this my karma. I saw five dead bodies on my way, fleeing Tibetans who were shot by the Chinese armed forces. There are many army camps in the mountains. I decided not to turn back and vowed to try to help my people in Tibet if I survived.
“我认为只有两种选择，要么我死，要么我到那儿。我把这个当成自己的因缘。在路上我看到了5具逃跑的西藏人的尸体，都是被全副武装的士兵射杀的。山上有很多军营。我决定不回头，发誓只要我活下来，我就会尽力帮助我的人民。”
"I did not make any contact with my family for an entire year. They had no idea as to where I was or whether I was dead or alive. I told them I was going to Lhasa [Tibet's capital] for a month to look for work. My father was interrogated four times by the Chinese police. Each time he claimed he did not know anything of my whereabouts and that I was an adult and not under his supervision. Finally they let him be.
“我有将近1年时间没有跟我家人联系。他们根本不知道我在哪，或者我是死是活。我告诉过他们我去拉萨待一个月找工作。我父亲被中国警察审问过4次。每次他都说他不知道我的行踪，而且我是一个成年人，他管不了我。最终，他们也只能随他去。”
"Only a year after I escaped did I manage to send a letter to my family with a British tourist I met in Dharamsala. This is common practice among Tibetan refugees to avoid the Chinese censor. Before the Internet and cellphones, letters from India were often confiscated by authorities. This is how my family learned I was alive and well in Dharamsala."
“只有在我逃跑后一年，我才设法让一个我在Dharamsala碰到的英国游客给我家里带了封信。西藏流亡者为了避免中国审查的普遍手段。在互联网和手机出现前，信件常常被当局没收。就这样我的家人才知道了我还活着，并且在Dharamsala一切安好。”
C spent seven years in the Tibetan refugee community in Dharamsala before moving here. In recent years he managed to visit Tibet despite the great danger. C's mother died, but he managed to meet relatives and siblings. He describes a different country, under the cultural influence and political regime of China.
C在来这里前在西藏流亡团体待了7年。近几年他冒着巨大的危险重返西藏。C的母亲去世了，但他见到了亲戚和兄弟姐妹们。他讲述了一个在中国文化影响和政治体制下完全不同的社会。
"Things have changed greatly in Tibet. Many of the Tibetans who used to be farmers are now moving into urban surroundings, the land was divided unevenly between the Tibetans by the Chinese government to raise conflicts between us. Many families decided to give up agriculture and seek different work, many of my neighbors don't have even one goat or yak, and I think this urbanization process is negatively affecting our culture."
“西藏变了很多。很多之前务农的西藏人搬到了市区，因为中国政府为了在西藏人之间引起矛盾把土地分配的不均匀。许多家庭放弃务农找别的工作，我之前的邻居很多连一头羊或者牦牛都没有，我认为这种城市化进程对我们的文化产生了负面影响。”
C has great respect for education and progress, but he expresses his concern over the Chinese education in Tibet. "Tibetans understand the great importance of education nowadays. When I was young, I hardly went to school, but now Tibetan children go to school - Chinese schools. The curriculum and the language spoken in the schools is Chinese and the Tibetan culture and language are nonexistent. This is one of the Chinese government schemes to brainwash Tibetans and to slowly destroy and eliminate our culture. I'm afraid the young generation will be more Chinese than Tibetan.
C对教育和发展表示了尊重，但他表达了对西藏进行的中国教育的忧虑。“现在西藏人明白了教育的重要性。当我还小的时候，我几乎没上过学，但是现在西藏的孩子都上学，上汉语学校。课程设置和教学语言都是汉语，西藏文化和语言不复存在。这是中国政府的阴谋，他们要对西藏人洗脑，慢慢的摧毁和清除我们的文化。我担心年轻的一代像汉人多过藏人。”
"The Chinese authorities aim at the weak and needy population, providing them with some help. I think this is another way to develop co-dependence on government aid and deter these Tibetans from speaking against the occupation, and indeed, many Tibetans give up on resisting the Chinese government. The train into Tibet brings many Chinese businessmen and thousands of Chinese immigrants. This Chinese mass dilutes the Tibetan population and is a part of the general Chinese plan to overcome the Tibetan resistance and destroy our unique culture."
“中国当局别有用心的为贫困无助的人提供了一些帮助。我认为这是另外一种培养对政府援助的依赖，阻止他们反对占领的方法。确实，很多西藏人放弃抵抗中国政府。进藏铁路带来了很多汉族商人和民工。大量的汉人稀释了藏族人口，是克服西藏人抵抗，摧毁我们特色文化的巨大阴谋。”
Over the past 49 years, Tibetans maintained peaceful, nonviolent resistance, but this year, with the Olympic Games in sight, the demonstrations have turned violent.
在经过49年之后，西藏人坚持和平的非暴力的抵抗，但今年，随着奥运会临近，示威变得暴力起来。
"I assume that feelings are much stronger this year. Maybe after 49 years of trying to communicate with the Chinese government, some of the Tibetans reached a point of no return, but I must emphasize that there were many quiet demonstrations of students in universities, walking peacefully.
“我猜想这种感觉越来越强烈，或许在49年的试图与中国政府沟通之后，一些藏人到达了临界点，但我必须强调的是在大学里面有很多和平的徒步游行。”
"The Olympic Games in China this year provide a rare chance for the rest of the world to try to persuade China on various issues, including the occupation of Tibet, human rights and their treatment of minorities.
“今年在中国举行的奥运会提供了一个绝无仅有的机会，让世界尝试在很多事情上说服中国，包括对西藏的占领，人权，和他们对待少数民族的方式。”
"Many people are working to reveal the true face of China and focus attention on what is going on there, it's not easy, there is no freedom of information, but I hope these people will succeed."
“很多人正努力揭露中国的真面目，关注那里进行的一切，这很不容易，因为没有新闻自由。但我希望他们能成功。”
What does C think about boycotting the games?
C如何看待抵制奥运？
"I have no doubts that the games are important to the entire world. I, personally, will find it very hard to see the Olympic torch passing through occupied Tibet, but perhaps the Chinese great desire to host these games successfully is the leverage for pressure on the Chinese government to change the Chinese inner policy."
“我毫不怀疑奥运会对整个世界都很重要。个人来讲，我很难接受奥运火炬传递经过被占领的西藏，但可能中国成功举办奥运会的巨大期望将成为对政府的巨大压力从而导致其国内政策的改变。”
In the past weeks, demonstrations have been held here, as in many other countries, asking for an end of the occupation. I asked C if he thought Israel should broach the subject in its diplomatic contacts with China.
在过去几周里，世界各地爆发了呼吁结束占领的示威游行。我问C他是否认为以色列应当在与中国的外交接触中提出这些问题。
"Israel, like any other country today, has a great deal of business with China. Almost anything you can imagine is manufactured in China. It has great power but I still think that the fact the millions of lives were changed due to the Chinese occupation should be on the agenda.
“跟今天其它国家一样，以色列与中国有很多经济往来。你可以看到的几乎每一样都是中国制造。它实力强大，但我仍然认为数百万人的生活因为中国占领而改变的事实应当提上议程。”
"I managed to visit Tibet, but under great danger and without identifying myself as a Tibetan. Still I was detained at the airport for several hours and released only because the Chinese policemen were unable to decide whether I was Tibetan or not. I was lucky to be released; other Tibetans who tried to visit disappeared and no one knows what happened to them. Activists are taken away in the middle of the night and the Chinese deny they're involved. The secret police is working within the community; there is no freedom of speech or religion. Even having a tiny picture of the Dalai Lama or a small Tibetan flag can lead to arrest. This is a state of occupation; we cannot agree to life under occupation, the Chinese have to leave Tibet."
“我设法重返西藏，冒着巨大的危险并且是以非藏人的身份。但我仍然在机场被拘留了几个小时，仅仅因为中国警察不确定我是否是藏人。我很幸运的获释了；还有试图返藏的藏人却从此消失，不知所踪。活跃分子被半夜从家中带走，政府否认他们牵涉其中。秘密警察在社区中活动；没有言论和宗教自由。即使拥有一张达赖喇嘛的小图片或者一面西藏的旗帜都会遭到逮捕。这是一个被占领的国家；我们无法接受占领下的生活，中国必须离开西藏。”
The violent demonstrations ending in the death of many demonstrators are constantly on C's mind. He tries to maintain telephone contact with his family and make sure that none were hurt or have disappeared in the demonstrations, arrests and interrogations.
以许多示威者死亡而告终的暴力示威一直在C的心里无法抹去。他尝试与家人保持电话联系以确定没人受伤，失踪或被逮捕审问。
Has he ever considered going back to Tibet to live?
他曾经考虑过回西藏生活吗？
C stops for a moment, the yearning and excitement show clearly on his face, but he soon answers.
C停下了，向往与兴奋得神情清晰的浮现在他脸上，但他很快做出了回答。
"Under Chinese occupation? Never. I promised myself years ago that if I made it to Dharamsala, I would do whatever I could to help my people, and there is still so much to be done."
“在中国的占领下？绝不。我前几年告诉我自己，为帮助我的人民我会不惜一切，这还远没有完成。”
Israel's policy on Tibet was revealed during the Dalai Lama's visit in February 2006. Following Chinese diplomatic pressure the Foreign Ministry declined requests for a formal meeting on behalf on the Dalai Lama and described his visit as a private one. Despite his international status, Yativ, a local NGO, was forced to rent the VIP lounge privately for his visit. The support for Tibet in Israel is by NGOs, human rights organizations and private people.
以色列对西藏的政策在2006年2月达赖喇嘛访问时有所显露。外交部迫于中国的外交压力拒绝了正式会见达赖喇嘛，而称其为私人访问。尽管达赖喇嘛拥有国际地位，Yativ，一个地方性的非政府组织，只好被迫私下租了一个贵宾休息室。以色列对西藏的支持是依靠NGO，人权组织和私人进行的。
On March 18, a short discussion was held in the Knesset regarding the current situation in Tibet at the initiative of MK Michael Melchior, who said: "I think we have a moral duty regarding the Jewish and the general history we're part of. I think we should apply our means in our direct contacts with China and on the international level as well. We have a moral obligation. I understand the Israeli interests in China and I don't think we should proceed with boycotts and sanctions, but I suggest we clearly say what needs to be said and what the other cultured nations have already said. I hope the Foreign Ministry will lead the way. I know we have moral and responsible people there."
3月18日，议会应MK MichaelMechior的要求进行了一个关于当前西藏局势的简短讨论，MK MichaelMechior称：“我认为我们应当对犹太人和犹太人所属于的历史承担道德责任。我认为我们应当用我们的方式与中国进行直接的和国际间的接触。我们有道德上的义务。我理解以色列在中国的利益，我不认为我们应当推进抵制和制裁，但我建议我们很明确的传达应当表达和其余有文化的国家已经表达过的内容。我希望外交部能够带头示范。我知道那里有充满道德感和值得信赖的人。”
This was the first time the issue of Tibet was brought up in the Knesset. Israel has no intention of boycotting the Olympic Games.
这是西藏事务第一次进入议会。以色列目前没有打算抵制奥运会。
ISRAELI MEDIA（source:BBC)
以色列媒体
Israel's press and broadcasters are many and varied, and account for differences in language, political viewpoint and religious outlook.
以色列媒体和广播公司数量很多，内容广泛，只是语言，政治观点和宗教见解不同。
All Israeli newspapers are privately-owned; many are available on the internet.
以色列所有的报纸都是私人拥有，很多可以在网上观看。
In its 2007 report, media rights watchdog Reporters Without Borders said Israel's journalists "enjoy a freedom not found elsewhere in the region" but added that Palestinian journalists "faced many restrictions by the Israeli authorities".
无国界记者的媒体权利观察员在2007年报告中指出，以色列记者享有该地区中绝无仅有的自由，但补充说巴勒斯坦记者面临以色列当局很多限制。
Yediot Aharonot - Tel Aviv-based daily
Ha'aretz - Tel Aviv-based daily
Jerusalem Post - daily
Ma'ariv - Tel Aviv-based daily
Globes - business daily
The Jerusalem Post Alexa排名: 7975
http://www.jpost.com/
相关：100 protest in TA for a free Tibet
Date: Mar 20, 2008
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/1450468141.html?dids=1450468141:1450468141&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+20%2C+2008&author=ABE+SELIG&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=8&desc=100+protest+in+TA+for+a+free+TibetSigns reading "Tibet belongs to Tibetans" and others calling for a "Free Tibet" dotted the protest, which the core participants - mainly Tibetans - had begun at six in the morning with a hunger strike."What's going on in Tibet is violence directed against a particular group," said Ohad Itzhakya, who came from Hod Hasharon for the protest. "And the Jewish people know about this all too well."Avishai Moskovitch, a Tel Aviv native, said he was at the protest because it was the right thing to do. "I'm realistic," he said. "I don't believe that my actions here will have a direct impact on China's behavior, but as an individual, I think it's important to do things that you believe in."
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